Stripe vs. Adyen crossover. Stripe effective rate is ~2.9% + $0.30/txn. Adyen at Interchange++ for a mature card-present merchant lands at ~1.5% all-in (savings of ~1.4% of GMV). Adyen's integration, compliance review, and ongoing account management cost ~$40K–$80K in year one. Crossover at $80K implementation / 1.4% savings = ~$5.7M annual GMV before Adyen beats Stripe on total cost. Below that, stay on Stripe. Subscription billing: Stripe Billing vs. custom. Stripe Billing + Tax costs ~0.5–0.7% of revenue on top of processing (effective ~3.4%+). A custom subscription engine takes 4–8 engineer-weeks ($20K–$60K) and has ongoing edge-case maintenance (proration, mid-cycle upgrades, dunning, failed-payment retry logic). Rule: below ~$2M ARR, use Stripe Billing — the recurring surcharge is cheaper than the engineering. Above $2M ARR, evaluate a hybrid (Stripe for payments, custom for billing logic). Marketplaces: Stripe Connect Express vs. Custom. Stripe Connect Express (hosted onboarding) costs ~$1.50 + 0.75% per debit card payout (or $1.50 per local bank transfer); Custom Connect is free on payouts but you own KYC/AML ($30K–$80K compliance build + ongoing Persona/Alloy fees ~$1–$2/verification). Crossover: at ~$400K monthly payout volume, Custom Connect saves more than it costs in compliance tooling.